energy: the ability to make something happen. Official definition: the ability to do work or produce heat. The S.I. unit for energy is the Joule (J). Other energy units include the calorie (cal) and the British Thermal Unit (BTU).
kinetic energy: the energy something has because it’s moving. The heavier the object, or the faster it’s moving, the more kinetic energy it has.
potential energy: the energy that something has because of its position or location.
heat (thermal energy): the energy that something has because of the kinetic energy of its molecules.
temperature: an object’s ability to transfer heat energy to another object. Heat always flows from the object with higher temperature to the object with lower temperature.
The temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules.
Law of Conservation of Energy: energy can be changed from one form to another, but it can’t be created or destroyed (except under special circumstances, like a nuclear explosion).